Architectures and System of Governance †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Architectures and System of Governance. Answer: Introduction: The tsunami that had taken place in the year 2004 was a massacre for the entire world. It caused severe damage to the ecosystem, thousands lost their life and many lost their lifestyle. It is one among the natural calamities that has occurred in the history of calamities. The term seismic sea wave means a series of waves in the water bodies of the earth. The tsunami waves did not resemble the normal current waves formed under the sea. They were massive and destructive in nature. The wavelength for Tsunami was relatively longer and did not break at required positions. Thus, creating huge waves that damaged the buildings and structures located near the water bodies. It consisted of series of waves that lasting from minutes to hours. The Indian Ocean Tsunami was one of the destructive calamities that occurred in nature. According to scientists, the tsunami was not tide as they consisted series of waves that were destructive in nature. The discussion will detail the Indian Ocean Tsunami that occurred in the year 2004. It will also discuss about the impacts of Tsunami, how life were damaged, how the nature was damaged. The study will also include the measures that were taken during that time and few recommendations that must be taken to prevent such disasters to happen in future again. The Indian Ocean tsunami had taken place in the year 2004, 26th of December. The epicenter of the disaster was at the west coast of Indonesia. The mega thrust earthquake took place when the Indian plate was hit by the Burma plate. It triggered a series of devastating Tsunami along the coastal areas of the Indian Ocean. The calamity caused two, 80,000 deaths and made 14 countries severely affected by the disaster. As Indonesia was the centre for this disaster, it was affected the most followed by countries like Thailand, India and Srilanka. As per world record, this was the third largest and powerful earthquake. It has a longer duration in comparison to the other earthquakes. It had lasted for 8 to 10 minutes and vibrated the blue planet as much as 0.4 inches. The epidemic had expanded until Alaska. Scientifically the epidemic is named as the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake. The cause for such a disaster was the displacement of the plates due to an earthquake. The displacement happened as the earthquake lasted for a longer period, greater than 9. It occurred 30kom below the sea level and hence affected the water bodies (Griffin et al.,2013). The earthquake displaced massive water volumes of water that resulted the Tsunami. The tsunami that occurred in the shallow water regions forming large destructive waves that damaged the environment and led to thousands death. according to (Brown et al., 2015) the height of the tsunami had reached 24 meters (80 ft) while coming ashore, at some points they reached 30 meters (100ft). the stretch of the tsunami was from the east to west region. Countries like Bangladesh were not affected much as the quake proceeded slowly towards the north. The Andaman and Nicobar islands had suffered a lot due to this calamity. Indonesia was the first country that was affected. Stretching from the islands of Sumatra to regions of Aceh. The tsunami occurred after 30 minutes of the earthquake. According to (Srivastava Shaw,2015) 250000people died there and 37063 were missing. The damage was not limited to the death and missing people. The incident had left 655000 people homeless and shelter less. The maximum damage took place in the coastal regions as the destruction started from the water bodies. The incident has destroyed the coastline, damaging the habitat and ecosystem of those particular regions. In many regions, the towns and villages were destroyed killing thousands of human, animals. The residue that was left after the attack was few parts of iron roofs, few mosques left in the wetlands, few substantial structures. The Andaman and Nicobar islands was also damaged in this massacre. It caused a severe damage to the islands environment. The Andaman Island was less affected in comparison to the little Andaman and Nicobar Island. They were damaged at a huge scale. In the southern region of Andaman, the attack was extended three times the general attack. The coastlines and the low-lying areas were damaged by flooding. in southern Andaman the attack was a four wave cycle with the fourth cycle to be the most destructive and dangerous in nature. The impact so severe that it threw 4 oil tankers from the seashore. The worst affect was at the Katchall islands where 303 were confirmed dead and 4354 were missing. At Srilanka, the tsunami arrived at the eastern coast and refracted to the southern region. However the country is located far beyond the epicenter and hence they did not fell the shake. The tsunami had hit the coastline of Srilanka after almost 2 hour of the quake. It is considered that tsunami had consisted three main waves with the second wave being the strongest. A train named Sumudra Devi was derailed and overturned by the tsunami (McGilvray Gamburd, 2013). It took almost 1700 lives in the country and listed it as the one of the most destructive disaster in world history. The tsunami had also affected the Southern region of Thailand and caused severe damage to the country. The tsunami occurred to the country when it was facing high tide and thus the effect was increased. At Phuket, the western beaches were affected (Calgaro, Dominey-Howes Lloyd,2014). In India, the tsunami arrived in regions like Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu. The Southernmost region was affected after two hours. The regions of Tamil Nadu were severely damaged and few areas in Andhra Pradesh were also damaged. The villages were destroyed; the residents were swept away from the coastline. The fishing industry was damaged, the population was damaged and the lifestyle was affected very badly in these regions (Patton et al.,2015). Altogether, the massacre had caused severe damage to the countries and the countrymen. The sudden shock had drift many livess and made many homeless. According to (Srivastava Shaw, 2015) 227,898 people lost their life's and many become homeless and without any shelter. The crops, plantations, animals, aquatic life were severely damaged by this incident. The incident not only led to death but also showed its impact for few months even after the incident happened. The victims were left injured; there was no scope for treatments and aids that could be provided to them (Ontowirjo, Paris Mano, 2013). They did not have sufficient food to live neither did they have consumable water. The victims had lost their families and house and were living in government-sheltered regions. The government of other countries and unaffected regions were providing necessary things to them. The other countries had to arrange for their food and necessary requirements for living (Seng, 2013). It took months f or these victims to rebuild their courage and homely situations. It was a restart for them to live on earth, as they environment was completely destroyed by the calamity. Hence, they had to rebuild each thing required in the environment. Other countries and states to come out from this situation and restart their lifestyles supported the victims. Steps taken after the massacre: The tsunami had created a relief effort raising funds from government. The governments of the neighboring countries had sanctioned relief and rehabilitation measures for the victim countries. The World Bank and banks that are supported by the NGOs provided initial supports to the countries. They targeted to provide an urgent relief to the victims and a long term rehabilitation to the countries. They intended to create an environment friendly situation and help the victims to come out of the traumatic situation. The government of India reconstructed the damaged houses, created new habitation in safer zones, provided sustainable lifestyle for the countrymen, restored the ecology, provided better infrastructure and helped the victims with educational needs and psychological trauma. MCF had taken initiative and took the victims to a new area where they were provided with education, living motivations, help groups, protection from further damage. They committed to provide rehabilitation t o the victims and worked for the improvement of the victims. The members meet every month to discuss about the improvement and betterment in their work to help the injured and victim of Tsunami(Hentry et al., 2017). They have fund to provide treatment and ensure the welfare of these innocent lives. The neighboring countries provided food and consumable water to the affected areas by helicopter. The countries were raising funds for the victims and moved 50000 tons of food to the affected areas. They used helicopter and planes to reach the victims. There were groups formed to provide medical help to the victims. The countries like Japan, America, Kuwait provided money whereas the countries like Pakistan and China provided medical teams, rescue teams along with dogs. All the nations from worldwide had helped the countries that were affected by the disaster. It took few months for the countries to recover their trauma and come back to normal lifestyle. The primary cause of this disaster was environmental impact that caused the earth quake with a extended effect of the destructive calamity Tsunami. the incident could have been prevented if the ratio of pollution and damage to nature was limited since the early days (Lvholt et al., 2014). As the people are least concerned about the welfare of society, they do not tend to protect the society. Unfortunately, the humans residing in the society cause the damage to society. The primary reason for the earthquake was the shifting of the plates (Hutchison, 2014). The pates tend to move due to the intense heat of the earth. The heating is natural in nature, however, the rate of heat has been increased b the human activities that has resulted to such an outcome. The primary steps that can be taken to prevent these calamities are: reduction of pollution using methods to save the greenery prevention of deforestation reducing CFC eliminating products reducing pollution emitting machines use technologies that support cooling of the earth use natural resources those are renewable reduce the use of nuclear weapons that increase the heat level The people of earth to reduce such disastrous incidents to happen should follow these measures. Few other measures can be taken to face such calamities: the country can keep a stock of food grains and necessities for such mishaps There can be a special group or help age group in every country who will provide support to nations or states suffering from such incidents The governments can equipments like helicopter, ship and airplanes that will provide support to the countries suffering such problems. The country can have a weather-monitoring group who can at least find approximate chances(Anugrah et al.,2015) for the mishaps to happen and warn the country from such incidents. Thus to conclude it can be said that the primary cause for such a disaster is the earthquake that resulted to this disaster. The reason for such quakes is the heating of the earth. The Earth has heated due to excess use of rays, chemicals and environment hazardous products. However, these are also natural calamities that cannot be stopped by our own choice. Hence, few considerations has to be accepted for such calamities, along with some measures. The measures can be protection of greenery and maintenance of ecology. The use of heating chemicals and agents can be reduced to reduce the heat on Earth. At the same time people should be prepared for such natural calamities happening. They can build their habitats in higher regions to prevent such disasters to damage them at the most. They can use weather monitoring devices to assume the chances of such disasters , they can avoid living near water bodies that can damage the most in case of such disasters. However, these are natural calami ties that occur without any warning and it has to be accepted and overcome by everone. References: Anugrah, B., Meilano, I., Gunawan, E., Efendi, J. (2015). Estimation of postseismic deformation parameters from continuous GPS data in northern Sumatra after the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake.Earthquake Science,28(5-6), 347-352. Brown, B., Yuniati, W., Ahmad, R., Soulsby, I. (2015). Observations of Natural Recruitment and Human Attempts at Mangrove Rehabilitation After Seismic (Tsunami and Earthquake) Events in Simeulue Island and Singkil Lagoon, Aceh, Indonesia. InPost-Tsunami Hazard(pp. 311-327). Springer, Cham. Calgaro, E., Dominey-Howes, D., Lloyd, K. (2014). 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